Random orientation of sapphire windows refers to the way in which the crystallographic orientation of the sapphire material is chosen for the window. Sapphire is an anisotropic material, meaning its properties vary with crystallographic orientation.
In random orientation, the sapphire window is cut without regard to its crystallographic axes, leading to a window where the orientation of the crystal lattice is not specifically controlled or aligned in any particular direction.
This can be suitable for many applications where the specific crystal orientation is not critical, and a general, isotropic performance is desired. However, for applications requiring specific optical or mechanical properties along certain crystallographic axes, a controlled orientation may be necessary.