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Property datasheet of PMN-PT crystal

I. Basic Information

• Simplified chemical formula: PMN-PT
• Substrate material: Artificially grown lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate crystals ( Material composition: 100% lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate )
• Product dimensions: 10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm; Orientation: 001
• Single-sided polishing, no coating
• Applications: Commonly used in piezoelectric sensor applications
• Product reference image (colorless, transparent, no film layer) is shown below:

II. Product Introduction

Lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate substrates are made from lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate crystals; lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate crystals, with the simplified chemical formula PMN-PT, are relaxor ferroelectric single crystals with a perovskite structure. This crystal exhibits high voltage , electromechanical coupling, and dielectric properties .

Lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate crystals are typically grown using the flux method or the Bridgman process, synthesizing and growing single crystals from raw materials such as lead oxide, magnesium oxide, niobium pentoxide, and titanium dioxide at high temperatures. After crystal growth, a series of processes including orientation, cutting, grinding, and polishing are performed to finally obtain a substrate that meets the requirements of sensor applications.

III. Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical properties of lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate crystals
Crystal Name	Lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate crystals
Crystal structure	Titanium-calcium mineral structure (pseudocubic/rhombohedral)
Curie temperature	80–150℃
density	8.1 g/cm3
Mohs hardness	5-6 mohs
piezoelectric constant d33	1600-2200 pC/N
electromechanical coupling coefficient k33	>0.90
Dielectric constant	4000–6000
Loss tanδ (%)	<0.9
Poisson's ratio	0.32
Elastic modulus (S33E)	50 (10^-12 m2/N)
Elastic modulus (S33D)	8.1 (10^-12 m2/N)
Spurious field (Kv/cm)	2.5

IV. Working Principle

Lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate crystals possess high piezoelectric properties and electromechanical conversion efficiency, and are sensitive to mechanical stress or strain. As relaxor ferroelectric single crystals, they undergo polarization and deformation under the influence of an electric field or stress, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy (direct piezoelectric effect) or electrical energy into mechanical vibration (inverse piezoelectric effect). Based on this characteristic, PMN-PT substrates can be used to manufacture piezoelectric sensors, which can be used to detect physical signals such as pressure, vibration, and sound waves, and convert them into measurable electrical signals.

V. Production Process

(1) Raw material synthesis and crystal growth: Lead oxide, magnesium oxide, niobium pentoxide and titanium dioxide are used as raw materials to grow lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystals under specific composition ratio and temperature control conditions using flux method or Bridgman method.
(2) Crystal orientation and cutting: The grown crystal blank is oriented by X-ray and cut along the desired crystal orientation to obtain preliminary sheet material.
(3) Precision machining: The crystal is processed to a thickness and flatness close to the target through milling, grinding and other processes.
(4) Polishing and cleaning: Double-sided precision polishing is performed to ensure that the surface achieves the required smoothness, followed by cleaning to remove surface contaminants.
(5) Quality inspection: The dimensions, orientation, surface quality and piezoelectric performance parameters of the finished substrate are inspected to ensure that they meet the application specifications.

VI. Application Areas

PMN-PT crystal substrates, due to their piezoelectric properties, are mainly used to manufacture high-performance piezoelectric sensors and transducers, and are widely used in ultrasonic imaging (medical ultrasound probes), non-destructive testing, and displacement control.

Tags: PMN-PT, Lead magnesium niobate, lead titanate crystals