Yttrium-stabilized zirconia crystal (YSZ)-Introduction
Learn about Yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystals: structure, properties, advantages, and wide applications in fuel cells, sensors, optics, and high-temperature engineering. A comprehensive introduction to stabilized zirconia crystals.
Sapphire (Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3) Substrate Properties
Aluminum oxide substrates are made of synthetic aluminum oxide crystals. Synthetic aluminum oxide crystals, with the chemical formula Al2O3, belong to the trigonal system and exhibit high hardness, excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, and electrical insulation.
Introduction to Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) Substrates
Lithium niobate substrates are made of lithium niobate crystals. Lithium niobate crystals, abbreviated as LN, belong to the trigonal system and have an ilmenite-type (distorted perovskite-type) structure. Lithium niobate crystals possess multiple properties, including piezoelectric, ferroelectric, optoelectronic, nonlinear optical, and thermoelectric properties.
Introduction to Strontium Titanate (SrtiO3) Substrate
Strontium titanate crystal sheets are made from strontium titanate crystals. Strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) is a perovskite crystal with a cubic crystal system and exhibits excellent optical, electrical, and dielectric properties. This crystal has a high refractive index, a wide transmittance range, a high dielectric constant, and good thermal and chemical stability, making it an important functional crystal material.
What are the Factors Determining Waveplate Retardation Tolerance
This article provides a comprehensive overview of several factors that affect waveplate retardation tolerance.